A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE

How does Polycystic Ovarian Disease occur ?

In most cases, the usual monthly release of the ovum (egg) from the surface of the ovary occurs irregularly, and sometimes not at all. It is this which is probably responsible for the development of cysts in the ovary. As a result, the ovary misbehaves by producing the wrong hormone balance. In a few cases, the problem results from an abnormality of another gland (the adrenal) due to a hold-up in the production line of its hormones.

Why does Polycystic Ovarian Disease occur ?

Almost 1 in every 10 women have this condition in some form or other. It is to some extent inherited. Gaining weight seems to worsen the hormone imbalance and the menstrual irregularity. Many forms of contraceptive pill contain a progestogen which has a slight male hormone effect. In people with appropriate tendency, this can aggravate (although rarely cause) the problem. The doctor will almost certainly do tests to confirm the likely cause. Often an ultrasound scan is done. This is a type of radar picture of the ovaries using sound waves which allows any cysts in the ovaries to be seen.

Treatment Involved for Polycystic Ovarian Disease

The problem will usually have begun in teenage years, but it is quite unusual for it to get much worse beyond the age of 25. For the hair growth, cosmetic treatment is always the first approach. Bleaches, plucking or trimming with scissors may be enough: using waxing or electrolysis may be necessary. Contrary to popular belief, shaving does not affect either the thickness of hair or the speed with which it grows. Acne can be dealt with by using sulphur-containing ointments or certain antibiotics of the tetracycline group. Correcting the hormone imbalance is not always easy or successful. One or two forms of the contraceptive pill may help both the hair growth and the acne, although many other types of contraceptive can worsen these problems. This treatment has the additional advantage of regulating any irregular periods. Anti-androgens (which block the effect of androgens on the skin) work well in some people. The main ones (spironolactone and cyproterone) may cause further irregularity of your periods. Some patients will be treated with steroids (cortisone-like drugs).

During Treatment for Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Whatever the treatment, any greasiness of your scalp or face improves first, usually within a couple of weeks. Later the acne, if present, improves, while abnormal hair growth may take 4 to 6 months of treatment before changes are noticed. About half the patients treated will have little or no improvement in their hair problem, although the acne almost always does respond in due course. It is necessary to come to terms with the fact that some hair growth is almost certain to remain. Some women with the condition may have difficulty in becoming pregnant because of the irregular release of eggs from the ovary. In about four out of five patients, this can be successfully treated by the use of tablets or injections when the time comes. Very occasionally a small operation is performed on the ovaries which restores ovulation.

After Treatment for Polycystic Ovarian Disease

Good electrolysis does not scar, but occasionally marks are left, especially by non-expert operators. The types of contraceptive pill used are usually safe, but the doctor will check blood pressure a month or two after starting: it may rise. Some of the anti-androgens produce breast tenderness and irregular periods, but the side-effects are not usually bad enough to justify stopping treatment. After stopping the contraceptive pill, periods may not return or they may be irregular. This is not the result of being on the pill. It is due to the underlying condition.

If Polycystic Ovarian Disease is Left Untreated

Acne and hair growth problems often appear to improve after the age of 25 to 30: certainly it is very rare for them to get much worse beyond this age. No physical harm comes from having the minor hormone disturbance which causes the hair growth or acne. Although there is a natural fear of becoming more male in appearance and outlook, this is not the case.

Effects on Family of Polycystic Ovarian Disease

This condition quite naturally causes embarrassment and self-consciousness in many people. Coming to terms with it is not always easy, but discussing the problems with a close friend or family member may often be helpful. Acne Support Group, PO Box 230, Hayes, Middlesex UB4 0UT. Tel/Fax: 0208-561-6868