A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W

ANKLE SPRAIN

What is an Ankle Sprain ?

A sprained ankle occurs when the ligaments which surround and support the ankle joint have been stretched as a result of an injury. This may lead to some of the ligament fibres being overstretched or torn. It may affect the inside or the outside of the ankle depending on the type of injury. Pain is the main symptom. Swelling may be apparent at first or it may develop later. There may be bruising or discoloration around the ankle which may not appear until much later. There will be tenderness around the injury and the pain will be made worse by movements. Walking will then be difficult. Some sprains are minor and others quite severe. It can be difficult to distinguish a sprain from a fracture. An x-ray may be suggested.

How does an Ankle Sprain occur ?

A sprained ankle commonly occurs when the ankle turns inwards. This may occur when someone loses their footing whilst running or walking or when climbing up steps. The weight of the body falling on the turned in ankle causes the sprain.

Why does an Ankle Sprain occur ?

The sudden twisting of the ankle overstretches the ligaments causing them to become torn or sprained. The torn ligaments then weep fluid around the ankle joint which causes the swelling.

Treatment Involved for an Ankle Sprain

With a severe sprain, it may be necessary to ensure that there is no fracture. This can usually be done by an examination but sometimes an x-ray is necessary. The treatment of sprains follows the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate) procedure. Most ankle sprains can be managed effectively in this way. In the initial period, REST is important. You must not walk or support yourself on the ankle. An ICE bag should be applied. A bag of frozen peas wrapped in a thin towel makes an effective ice bag. Alternatively, put some ice in a plastic bag and add a little salt. This will make the ice melt faster. Squeeze the air out of the bag and seal it. Wrap it in a thin towel and apply to the injured area. This should be applied for at least 30 minutes, but can be held in place for longer. The ice pack can be renewed. A thick cotton wool COMPRESS should be applied. Hold it in place with a firm bandage, over the ice pack if necessary. The ice and the compress will help to reduce the swelling, bruising and pain. Now ELEVATE the ankle. For example, when sitting keep your foot up on a stool. If pain killers are required then paracetamol is usually effective. Some doctors advise non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. These work best when given in the first 24 hours and usually need not be taken for more than a week. Arnica can also be effective either applied as a cream directly to the injured part or taken as tablets. Rest is important in the initial period, but after 36 to 48 hours some gradual exercises are recommended. Massage treatment after four or five days may help. Physiotherapy can be helpful too. A physiotherapist will help to free the stiff joint and strengthen the muscle weakness. This can be done through manipulation and exercises. Ultrasound can be particularly useful.

During Treatment of an Ankle Sprain

Continuous pain and swelling or difficulty in walking may indicate that the ankle may be fractured rather than sprained. If the ankle does not improve after a few days, it is advisable to consult your doctor. If non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed, you will be warned about their side effects. They can cause indigestion so they are best taken after food. If they cause indigestion or heartburn, they should be stopped. They should not be taken by people with stomach ulcers or asthma, as they can make these conditions worse. They can also cause a rash or swollen ankles.

After Treatment of an Ankle Sprain

A slow build up of exercises to the ankle is important. Most sprains improve after a few days although the ankle may not return back to normal for a few weeks. Slow improvement may indicate the need to consult your doctor again.

If an Ankle Sprain is Left Untreated

Most sprained ankles will improve without treatment. Active treatment will help to speed the recovery.

Effects on Family of an Ankle Sprain

Ankle sprains improve quicker if early treatment is sought. Your family and friends can provide support by allowing you to rest in the early stages. They can also encourage you to exercise in the recovery period.